Local, small companies to wider government-supported national companies (ex: Cosan, Tereos Internacional). The conception of the bio-ethanol issue is almost exclusively directed towards an economic consideration, as the national and international concurrence is fierce. Companies are frequently regardless of the indirect emissions sparked by the production of sugarcane and bio-ethanol, as Sergio Paranhos, who works as an adviser for ethanol-producing companies, points out. This is the reason why they are relentlessly in confrontation with ecologist NGOs.
Moreover, because the ethanol production implies, upstream, a cultivation of sugarcane then transformed into bio-ethanol, companies invest a lot of money in large surfaces of lands devoted to the production of sugarcane, sometimes overlapping sacred indigenous territories, or lands owned by farmers. Thus, companies are also in confrontation with organisms representing indigenous people’s interests as well as with farmers.
Petrobras
Unica